Number series and computer

This article describes the discovery and the subsequent proof of a hypothesis concerning harmonic series. The whole situation happened directly in the course of the process of a maths lesson. The formulation of the hypothesis was supported by the computer. The hypothesis concerns an interesting connection between harmonic series and the Euler\u27s number . Let denote the ’th partial sum of the harmonic series. Let’s notice the sums 1, 4, 11, . . ., where the partial sum reaches 1, 2, 3, . . . for the first time. Let’s mark the relevant indexes 1, 4, 11, . . . as 1, 2, 3, . . .. So is the index of such a partial sum for which the following is true: P−1 \u3c n, P \u3e n. The hypothesis lim Pn+1/Pn = e has been proved, in an elementary way, in the article

Hybride Dienstleistungen und Wandel der Arbeit

In diesem Projektbericht werden aktuelle Entwicklungen in der Logistik im Zuge der vierten industriellen Revolution und der damit verbundenen Digitalisierung von Wertschöpfungsnetzwerken und logistischen Tätigkeiten aufgegriffen. Die Branche der Logistik nimmt zahlreichen Stimmen in der laufenden Debatte zufolge eine Schlüsselrolle bei der Umsetzung von Industrie 4.0-Lösungen ein. Dies wirft Fragen nach der Digitalisierung industrieller und logistischer Prozesse und den Folgen für Logistikarbeit auf. Mit der Entwicklung und Implementierung digitaler Technologien und den entsprechenden innovativen Geschäftsmodellen gehen mitunter erhebliche Veränderungen in den Arbeits- und Organisationsstrukturen einher. Diese Entwicklungen sind bei der Umsetzung so genannter hybrider Dienstleistungen in der Logistik zu beobachten. Die Arbeiten des Forschungsgebietes Industrie- und Arbeitsforschung richten sich auf diese technologischen Innovationen und hybriden Dienstleistungen und verfolgen u.a. im Forschungsprojekt „Innovationslabor - Hybride Dienstleistungen in der Logistik“ die Frage, welche Konsequenzen für die Arbeit sich aus der vernetzten Interaktion von Menschen und Technik in Industrie und Logistik ergeben. Der Fokus des Arbeitspapiers liegt auf den Entwicklungsperspektiven von Logistikarbeit in ihren vielfältigen Facetten und Erscheinungsformen, die sich aus einer fortschreitenden Digitalisierung ergeben können. Er greift zunächst die schwierige Konturierung einer Querschnitts- und Wachstumsbranche auf, die quer zu traditionellen Wirtschaftszweigsystematiken definiert wird. Anschließend werden Entwicklungstrends der Digitalisierung in der Logistik 4.0 kritisch reflektiert. Daran anknüpfend werden die mitunter widersprüchlichen Trendbestimmungen zum Wandel der Logistikarbeit vorgestellt. Abschließend werden einige zentrale Herausforderungen bei der Gestaltung guter Arbeit unter den Bedingungen der Digitalisierung in der Logistik benannt.The main topic of this paper is the current development of logistics in the wake of the fourth industrial revolution and the digitalization of value chain processes as well as logistic activities. Many experts therefore consider a key role of the digitization of logistics in the implementation of Industry 4.0. However, there is agreement that the consequence of the digitization of value chains, the implementation of digital technology (software and hardware) as well as the corresponding innovative business models also causes considerable changes in the work and organizational structures. These changing trends of hybrid services in logistics represent an important subject in the research project "Innovationslabor - Hybride Dienstleistungen in der Logistik" of the TU Dortmund. Initially, the focus of this paper is on logistics as a cross-sector and growth sector in terms of its economic development and employment structure. In addition to the "logistics industry", the paper also analyses the effects of digital transformation on logistical employment. The conceptual basis is the socio-technical approach, which, as an analytical framework, is capable of capturing and analyzing logistical value-chain-systems as interdependent subsystems

Decoding Urban Archetypes: Exploring Mobility-Related Homogeneity among Cities

To make cities more sustainable and livable and to achieve climate targets in transportation, cities around the globe must undergo sustainable transformations. However, disparities in initial conditions pose challenges when trying to implement these sustainable changes. Identifying these differences aids in the comprehension of future developments. In this study, we establish an international comparison by decoding the mobility-related characteristics of cities and determining urban archetypes. Using publicly accessible data, we analyze and classify 96 cities in different countries. Therefore, we utilize principal component analysis to simplify the data. The emerging components serve as input for segmentation. This approach yields nine unique urban archetypes, ranging from Well-Functioning and Ancient Hybrid Cities in Europe to Paratransit and Traffic-Saturated Cities in the southern hemisphere. Our results show that there is a significant advantage to using a multidimensional segmentation basis, which we identify in an extensive literature review. The result is a finer segmentation, which is especially clear for European cities that demonstrate four different clusters. We discuss that the effect of future restrictions on private car usage will vary widely between the urban archetypes

PTEN controls glandular morphogenesis through a juxtamembrane β-Arrestin1/ARHGAP21 scaffolding complex

PTEN controls three-dimensional (3D) glandular morphogenesis by coupling juxtamembrane signalling to mitotic spindle machinery. While molecular mechanisms remain unclear, PTEN interacts through its C2 membrane-binding domain with the scaffold protein β-Arrestin1. Because β-Arrestin1 binds and suppresses the Cdc42 GTPase-activating protein ARHGAP21, we hypothesize that PTEN controls Cdc42-dependent morphogenic processes through a β-Arrestin1-ARHGAP21 complex. Here we show that PTEN knockdown (KD) impairs β-Arrestin1 membrane localization, β-Arrestin1-ARHGAP21 interactions, Cdc42 activation, mitotic spindle orientation and 3D glandular morphogenesis. Effects of PTEN-deficiency were phenocopied by β-Arrestin1 KD or inhibition of β-Arrestin1-ARHGAP21 interactions. Conversely, silencing of ARHGAP21 enhanced Cdc42 activation and rescued aberrant morphogenic processes of PTEN-deficient cultures. Expression of the PTEN C2 domain mimicked effects of full-length PTEN but a membrane-binding defective mutant of the C2 domain abrogated these properties. Our results show that PTEN controls multicellular assembly through a membrane-associated regulatory protein complex composed of β-Arrestin1, ARHGAP21 and Cdc42

Aneuploidy screening of embryonic stem cell clones by metaphase karyotyping and droplet digital polymerase chain reaction

DNA input in ddPCR reaction. The figure shows copy number of Chr 8 (crosses) and Y (squares) measured by ddPCR with various input quantities of genomic DNA template. Vertical bars are Standard Errors. The experiment demonstrates linearity across the range of concentrations relevant to the DNA preparations assayed. This is a key point for the robustness of the screen, as gDNA preparations are challenging to standardize due to the disparity of growth rates between ES cell clones. (PDF 26 kb

Exotic foods reveal contact between South Asia and the Near East during the second millennium BCE

Aunque el papel clave del comercio a larga distancia en la transformación de las cocinas en todo el mundo está bien documentado desde al menos la época romana, la prehistoria del comercio de alimentos euroasiático es menos visible. Con el fin de arrojar luz sobre la transformación de las cocinas del Mediterráneo oriental durante la Edad del Bronce y la Edad del Hierro Temprana, analizamos los microrestos y las proteínas conservadas en el cálculo dental de individuos que vivieron durante el segundo milenio a. Nuestros resultados proporcionan evidencia clara del consumo de alimentos básicos esperados, como cereales (Triticeae), sésamo ( Sesamum ) y dátiles ( Phoenix ). Además, informamos evidencia del consumo de soja ( glicina ), probable banano ( Musa ) y cúrcuma (Curcuma ), que hace retroceder la evidencia más antigua de estos alimentos en el Mediterráneo por siglos (cúrcuma) o incluso milenios (soja). Descubrimos que, desde principios del segundo milenio en adelante, al menos algunas personas en el Mediterráneo oriental tuvieron acceso a alimentos de lugares distantes, incluido el sur de Asia, y esos productos probablemente se consumieron en forma de aceites, frutos secos y especias. Estos conocimientos nos obligan a repensar la complejidad y la intensidad del comercio indo-mediterráneo durante la Edad del Bronce, así como el grado de globalización en la cocina del Mediterráneo oriental temprano. Although the key role of long-distance trade in the transformation of cuisines worldwide has been well-documented since at least the Roman era, the prehistory of the Eurasian food trade is less visible. In order to shed light on the transformation of Eastern Mediterranean cuisines during the Bronze Age and Early Iron Age, we analyzed microremains and proteins preserved in the dental calculus of individuals who lived during the second millennium BCE in the Southern Levant. Our results provide clear evidence for the consumption of expected staple foods, such as cereals (Triticeae), sesame (Sesamum), and dates (Phoenix). We additionally report evidence for the consumption of soybean (Glycine), probable banana (Musa), and turmeric (Curcuma), which pushes back the earliest evidence of these foods in the Mediterranean by centuries (turmeric) or even millennia (soybean). We find that, from the early second millennium onwards, at least some people in the Eastern Mediterranean had access to food from distant locations, including South Asia, and such goods were likely consumed as oils, dried fruits, and spices. These insights force us to rethink the complexity and intensity of Indo-Mediterranean trade during the Bronze Age as well as the degree of globalization in early Eastern Mediterranean cuisine

Dental Microwear From Natufian Hunter-Gatherers and Early Neolithic Farmers: Comparisons Within and Between Samples

Microwear patterns from Natufian hunter-gatherers (12,500–10,250 bp) and early Neolithic (10,250–7,500 bp) farmers from northern Israel are correlated with location on facet nine and related to an archaeologically suggested change in food preparation. Casts of permanent second mandibular molars are examined with a scanning electron microscope at a magnification of 500×. Digitized micrographs are taken from the upper and lower part of facet nine. Microwear patterns are recorded with an image-analysis computer program and compared within and between samples, using univariate and multivariate analyses. Comparisons within samples reveal a greater frequency of pits on the lower part of the facet among the farmers, compared to the upper part. Microwear does not vary over the facet among the hunter-gatherers. Comparisons between samples reveal larger dental pits (length and width) and wider scratches among the farmers at the bottom of the facet, compared to the hunter-gatherers. Microwear does not vary between samples at the top of the facet. The microwear patterns suggest that the Natufian to early Neolithic development led to a harder diet, and this is related to an archaeologically suggested change in food processing. The harder diet of the early farmers may have required higher bite forces that were exerted at the bottom of facet nine, in the basin of the tooth

A Role for the Small Molecular Weight GTPases, Rho and Cdc42, in Muscarinic Receptor Signaling to Focal Adhesion Kinase

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/66289/1/j.1471-4159.2000.0742010.x.pd